Telegraph system



E. POPE.

IELEGRAPH SYSTEM. APPLICATION FILED JUNE I0. |915.

Patented JuS, 1919.

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E. FGPE.

XELEGRAPH SYSTEM.

APPLICATION FILED JUNE I0, ISIS.

E. POPE.

TELEGRAPH SYSTEM'.

APPLlcATloM FILED JUNE 10. 1915.

@Ein/0.55152' E. POPE.

TELEGRAPH SYSTEM. A-PPLICATIGN F|LEDJUNE|0,1915.

Lw, Patented June 3, 1919.

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EDWIN Porn, 0F QUEBEC, QUEBEC, CANADA.

TELEGRAPH SYSTEM.

Specicaton of VLetters Patent.

Patented J une 3, 1919.

Application filed .Tune 10, 1915. vSerial No. 33,229.

. messages may be simultaneously transmitted over the same wirer and recorded without interfering with each other, being an improvement over the system described in Letters Patent issued to me by the United States on February 11th, 1913, and numbered 1,052,513, and being particularly directed to an arrangement whereby a continuous series of automatic electrical alternations or impulses of opposed polarity are sent into the line, and modifications of selected impulses are introduced by varying their strength, duration or rapidity of succession, so that an increased number of variations may be made in the common stream of continuous reversals, and simultaneously despatched over the same line and separately received and re corded at appropriate receiving stations.

In the drawings Figure 1 shows the arrangement at the sending end of the line; Fig. 2 that at the receiving end of the line; Fig. 3 shows a modification wherein the sending end is arranged for a way line passing two messages, and Fig. i that at a way station; and Figs. 5 and 6 indicate the elements ot' mechanism for respectively sending and receiving messages.

Corresponding reference -numerals design nate similar parts in all the figures.

Into the main line 1 impulses of opposed polarity are sent, as from a negative battery 3, of, for instance, 100 volts, or from a negative battery 5 of, for instance 200 volts, alternating with impulses from a positive battery 2 of, for instance, 100 volts, or Jfrom a positive battery 1i, of, for instance, 200 volts, the sending of the impulses intothe main line being effected by the following arrangement:

Between the ends of the lines 7 and 9 from therespective negative batteries 3 and 5, vibrates an armature 11 of a local magnet 13, which, when energized, causes its armature to connectvwith the line 7, and when not energizedV allows its armature to be drawn down by the spring 15 so as to connect with the line 9, the portion of the armature thus brought into the current being suitably insu lated, .as 17, from Vthe end contacting with the magnet 13. Another local electromagnet19,'si1nilar to 13,.has one end of its armature 21 insulated, as at 23, and adapted, when the armature is closed upon its magnet, to connect with a line 25 ruiming from the armature 11; and when the magnet 19 is inactive, its armature 21 will be drawn down vby the spring 27 so as to groundthe line at 29. And from the armature 21 a line 31 is extended to a point in the range of vibration of one end oan arm 32, insulated as at 36, which makes connection at 34gwith the main line 1, so that when the magnets 13, 19 connect their armatures and the arm 32 is swung to the right a 'currentfrom the normal negative lbattery'3 will pass through the line 7, armatureV 11, line 25, armature 21'line 31 and arm 32 into the main line 1; and when the magnet 13 is inactive and the magnet 19 active and the arm 32 is connected with the line 31, current from the strong negative battery 5Ywill pass through the line 9, armature 11, line 25, armature 21,'line 31 and arm 32, into the main line 1 and if the magnet 19 is not activeV the armature 21 will open from the line 25 and no current from either negative battery can pass into the main line. 1. Y

A similar arrangement is employed for connecting the positive batteries 2 and 4L, with the main line 1; 12 and 13 being electromagnets corresponding to 13 and 19, provided witharmatures 10 and 20, insulated at 16, 22 andrrretractcd by springs 14, 26, the armature 10 connecting with line 6 Vfrom battery 2 or with line 8 from'battery 4L, and thc armature 20 connecting with line 24 or with ground at 28, so th at when the arm 32 is swung to the left, connecting with line 30, the magnets 12 and 1S being active, a current from the normal positive battery 2 will pass through line 6, armature 10, line 24, armature 20, line 30 and arm 32 into the main line 1; and when the magnet 12 is inactive and the magnet 18 active, and the arm 32 is connected withl line 30, a current fromV the strong' positive battery 4c will pass through line 3, armature 10, line 24, ar1nature 20, line 30 and arm: 32 into the main line 1; and it the magnet 18 is inert the circuit from either positive battery will be broken between the armature 20 and line 24 and no positive current can pass into the main line. The vibrations of the arm 32 are controlled in the following manner:

A local battery 38 furnishes current to a line 40 passing through the armatures 42-43, 44-45 and 46-47 of three pairs ot electromagnets 48, 49; 50, 51 and 52, 53. The armature 42-43 is provided with a second pair of arms 54, 55, and it also carries the arm 32, but is insulated therefrom at 36.

There are also two other eleetromagnets 56, 57, which are provided with armatures 58 and 59 retracted 'by springs 60 and 61.

The local circuit of each of the magnets 12, 13, 18 and 19 is controlled by a switch 62, 63, 64 or 65, the opening of which denergizes its associated magnet. 66 and 67 are switches controlling loops in their associated circuits.

The arm is adapted to connect with a line 69, extending to the armature 21 of magnet 19, ywhich armature is adapted to connect with a line 71 having in its circuit the magnet 51, and connecting through the line 73, 75 with the local battery 38.

The arm 54 is adapted to connect with a` line 68, extending to the armature 20 of the magnet 18, which armature is adapted to connect with a line having in its circuit the magnet 50, and connecting through the line 72, with the battery 38.

The arm 43 is adapted to connect with a line 77 extending to the magnet 19 and the-nce to the line 73; and the arm 42 is adapted to connect with a similar line 76, extending to the magnet 18 and thence to the line 72.

The armature 45 is adapted to connect with a line 79 extending to the armature 59, the magnet- 57 and the line 73, and by another course to the switch 67, and through it, when closed, and the line 81, to the magnet 53 and line 72. The armature 59 is also adapted to connect with a branch 83 of the line 81 so as to make a connection from the line 79 through the armature 59 and line 83, 81 with the magnet 53 and line 72.

The arma-ture 44 is adapted to connect with a line 78, extending to the armature 58, the magnet 56 and the line 72, and, by another ceurse to the switch 66, and through it, when closed, and the line 80, to the magnet 52 and line 72. The armature 58 is also adapted to connect with a branch 82 ,of the line 8O so as to vmake a connection from the line 78 through the armature 58 and lines 82, with the magnet 52 and line 72.

The magnet 49 is in a circuit embracing the lines 73, 75, battery 38, line 40, armature 46 and line 85. The magnet 48 is a circuit embracing the lines 72, 75, battery 38, line 5 49, armature 47, and line 84.

Ltissuming that magnets 52 and 53 are both linactive, and that armature 46 is connected with line 85, the circuit will be completed through lines 85, magnet 49, lines 73, 75, battery 38, line 40 and armature 46,. thereby energizing the magnet 49 and causing it to draw down its armature 43 and connect it with the line 77, completing the circuit from battery 38 through line 40, armature 43, line 77, magnet 19, energizing that magnet, lines 73 and 75 back to the battery. The rocking down of armature 43 by magnet 49 also causes the arm 55 to connect with line 89. And the aforesaid energizing et the magnet 19 causes its armature 23 to connect with line 71, completing the circuit from battery 38, through line 40, arm 55, line 69, armature 23, line 71, magnet 51, energizing that magnet, lines 71, 73 and 75 back to the battery.

The aforesaid energizing of magnet 51 causes it to connect the armature 45 with line 79, completing the circuit from battery 38 through line 40, armature 45, line 79, magnet 57, energizing that magnet, lines 73 and 75 back to the battery. And the aforesaid energizing` of magnet 57 causes it to connect its armature 59 with line 83 forming another, slightly delayed, course for the current from line 79, through armature 59, line 83, magnet 53, energizing that magnet, lines 73 andV 75 back to the battery. Y

The drawing` down of the armature 43 to connect with line 77, having broken the cir cuit through armature 42 and arm 54 upon which the energy of magnets 18 and 50 depended, and the drawing down of armature 45 by magnet 51 having broken the circuits through armature 44 on which the energy of magnets 5G and 52 depended, the aforesaid energizing of magnet 53 will draw the armature 47 toward the line 84; and this movement o'l' the armature 47 raises the armature 45 from connection with line 85, thereby breaking the circuit from battery 38 through line 40, armature 46, line 85, magnet 49, deenergizing that magnet, lines 73 and 75 back to the battery. And when the armature 47 connects with line 84 it will complete a circuit 'rom the battery, through line 49, armature 47, line 84, magnet 48, energizing that magnet, lines 72 and 75, back to the battery.

The aforesaid energizing of magnet 48 will draw down its armature 42, thereby first breaking the connections between armature 43 and line 77 and arm 55 and line 89, break-v ing` the circuits above described which were dependent on those connections, and deenergizing the magnets 19 and 51. And when the armature 42 connects with the line 7 5, simultaneously connecting the arm 54 with the line 68, circuit will be formed, from battery 38 through line 40, armature 42, line 76, magnet 18 energizing that magnet,

lines72 and 75 back to the battery. The rocking down of armature 42-by magnet 48 also causes the arm 54 to connect with line 68. And the aforesaid energizing of the magnet 18'causes its armature 22 to connect with line 70, completing'the circuit from battery Y38, through line 40, arm 54, line 68, armature 22, line 70, magnet 50, energizing that magnet, lines 70, 72 and 75 back to the battery.

The aforesaid energizing of magnet 50 causes it to connect the armature 44 with line 78, completing the circuit from battery 38 through line 40, armature 44, line 78, magnet56, energizing that magnet, lines 72V and75 back to the battery. And the Vaforesaid energizing of magnet 56 causes it Y pended,^and drawing down the armature 44 by magnet 50 having broken the circuits through armature 45 on which the energy of magnets 57 and 53 depended, the aforesaid energizing'of magnet 52 will draw the armature 46 toward the line 85; and this movement of the armature 46 raises t-he armature 47V from connection with line 84, thereby breaking the circuit from battery 38 through line 40, armature 47 line 84, magnet 48, denergizing that magnet, lines 72 and 75 back to the battery. And when the armature 46 connects with line 85 it will complete a circuit from the battery through line 40, armature 46, line 85, magnet 49, energizing that magnet, lines 78, and 75 back to the battery; and the cycle of electrical operation will recommence.

The rocking of the armature 42, 43 by the alternate energizingrof the magnets 48, 49 causes the arm 32 to swing or rock to and lro between the ends of the lines 30 and 3l so as'to make alternate contacts therewith.

By this rocking of the arm 32 the main positive and negative lbatteries 2 and 3 are alternately connected with the main line, the automatic shitting of the local circuits, as already described, causing the alternate energizing of the magnets 48 and 49 so as to rock their armature 42-43 as above eX- V plained.

A rheostat 86 is, preferably, included in the circuit of the local battery to regulate the strength of the local current and thereby regulate the rapidity of responseiof the in-V oi the line, and constitutes the motive force for moving both the sending and receiving mechanisms.

n order, however, to transmit a'plurality of'messages simultaneously on this stream of alternations, I modify certain of the iinpulses, or the intervals between the impulses, in the following manner:

First: By opening the switch 63 and deenergizing the magnet 13, its armature is released and connects with the negative battery 5, sending a strong negative impulse into the line.

Second: By opening the switch 62 and denergizing the magnet 12, its armature is released and connects with the positive battery 4, sending a strong positive impulse into the line.

Third: By opening switch 67 the vcircuit including the line 79 and the line 81 and magnet 53 will 'be broken. But when the armature 45 closes with the linev 7 9 it energizes the magnet 57 which connects the armature 59 with the line 83. This, however, pro` longs the time required to energize the magnet 53; and consequently causes the negative impulse which is being sent into the main Vline to be prolonged.

Fourth: By opening switch 66, the cir cuit including the line 78 and the line 80 and magnet 52 will be broken. But when the armature 44 connects with the line 7 8 it energizes the magnet 56 which connects the armature 58 with the line 82. This, however, prolongs the time required to energize the magnet 52, and consequently causes the positive impulse which Vis bein@ sent into the main line to be prolonged.

Fifth: When the switch 65 is opened ,it breaks the Ycircuit of magnet 19 lbetween lines 85 and 39 causing it to release its armature 21 so that whe-n the armature 42-43 rocks the arm 32 to the right the main line will be put to the ground, and there will be a neutral interval following a positive alternation.

The armature 43, however, of magnet 49 connects with the line 77 energizing magnet 19 drawing down the armature 21 and connecting it with the line 25 so as to put the battery to the line again, and the cycle of operation continues as before.

Sixth: When the switch 64 is opened it breaks the circuit of magnet 18 between lines 37 and 74 causing it t0 release its armature 20 so that when the armature 42-43 rocks the arm 81 to the left the main line will be put to the ground, and there will be a neutral inter-val following a negative alternation. The armature 42, however, of magnet 48 connects with the line 7 6 energizing magnet 18 drawing down the armature 20 and comiecting it with the 'line'24 so as to put the battery to the line again, and the cycle of operation continues as before.

In this way I introduce siX systems of modifications into the common stream of reversals, which systems of modiiications do not interfere with each other. Each system being interpreted at the receiving end of the line b y a. special apparatus adapted to respond only to its peculiar characteristic of modification.

The first and second systems of modications do not materially affect the rate at which the succession of reversals sent into the main line. The other four systems of modifications slightly retard the reversals. Otherwise the different systems do not interfere wit-h each other in any way.

The speed with which the alternations succeed each other may be regulated by adjusting the play of the various armatures, and also by varying the strength of the local battery current.

rllwo pairs of driving magnets 90, 91 and 92, 93 are associated in local circuits including the battery 33. The armature 46-47 is provided Vwith an arm 94 vibrating between the ends of line 88*39, the line 88 being adapted to energize one magnet of each pair while the line 89 is adapted to energize the other magnet of each pair, the circuits being as follows:

Through arm 94, line 88, magnet 90, line 98, magnet 92, line 73, line 75, battery 38, line 40 and bac-l; to the arm 94; the other circuit being through arm 94, line S9, line 95, magnet 93, line 99, magnet 91, line S7, line 72, line 75, battery 38, line 40 and back to arm 94.

In consequence of this arrangement when the arm 32 goes to the right connecting the negative batteries with the main line, the arm 94 will be thrown to the left completing the circuit of the magnets 90 and 92, energizing those magnets and causing them to draw down their respective armatures 96 and 97 5 and when the arm 32 goes to the left connecting the positive battery with the main line, the arm 94 will be thrown to the right completing the circuit of magnets 91 and 93, energizing those magnets causing them. to draw down their respective armatures 96 and 97. By this means the armatures 96 and 97 are rocked with each iinpulse that goes into the main line. And the mechanical movement thus obtained may be used to actuate the mechanism employed for sending the message into the main line, this being accomplished by causing one set of mechanisms to be fed forward or positioned when positive impulses are sent into the main line, its movement being separated into signal periods by the variations in the negative main line impulses; while the other set of mechanisms is fed forward or positioned when negative impulses are sent into the main line, its movements being separated into signal periods by the variations in the positive main line impulses.

Such a pair of magnets as 90, 91, may be associated with each of the switchesi 62 to 67, inclusive, to actuate sending mechanisms as illustrated in my Letters Patent of the United States No. 1052513 of February 11, 1913, the pair of magnets 90 and 91, or 92 and 93 corresponding with the pair of magnets 13() and 131 of that patent and the armature 96 or 97 corresponding with forked armature 32 of that patent, while the switches 62 and 67 would correspond with switches 15 or 16 of said patent.

I prefer, however, to use in connection with my improved system but a single pair of driving magnets on each side, as illustrated in Fig. 1, and to associate with each pair of such magnets a plurality of signal producing switches, as 62, 64, 66 or 63, 65, 67, the movements of the armatures of the magnets lbeing adapted to be utilized in connection with the sending of the systems of signals. It will be seen that a separate system of signals may be sent o-ver the line by each switch, and that if suitable mechanism is provided at the receiving end these signals may be properly recorded. The particular mechanisms for sending and receiving the messages are the subjects of separate applications for patents by me, and I therefore deem it unnecessary to here describe them in detail; it being suiiicient for the purposes of this present application to point out that the movement of the armatures 96 and 97 may be employed to feed forward at a uniform rate previously prepared transmitting records, each adapted to govern one of the switches 62 to 67 so as to open it at the proper time to cause it to transmit its peculiar signal into the main line.

I have described the circuits governing the driving magnets as being governed by an arm carried by the armature 46-47 which represents in effect a suitable switch in the circuits including the battery 38.

In Fig. 5 I have shown the elements of such a tape operating mechanism as I have mentioned above, the armature 97, of magnets 92 and 93 being shown as lengthened and connected by a link 01 with an arm 02 pivoted as on a shaft O3 and carrying a pawl O4 engaging with a ratchet wheel 05 on the shaft O3 to advance it a step each time the magnet 93 pulls down its end of the armature 97 A toothed wheel 06 on the shaft 03 feeds forward a tape 07 punched to register with its teeth, and having signal holes in which the needle O3 of switch 65 may drop to break the circuit, which is closed again by the insulated end 09 of switch 65 riding over a tooth of the wheel O6 at its next step.

The line 77 may terminate with a suitable spring to form a yielding contact with the switch 65. A nd it Will be evident that the shaft 03 may be lengthened and provided With a toothed Wheel 06 for each of the switches 63, 65 and 67 so that each may have its tape fed to it by the same driving mechanism.

At the receiving end a polar relay 100 is inserted in the main line which vibrates an armature having two arms 102 and 104 governing local circuits. The main line 1 goes from the polar relay to a neutral relay 106 adjusted to respond only to a strong current impulse; and the main line then continues to a neutral relay 108 adjusted to respond either to a normal or to a strong impulse, and then to ground. 110, 111, 112, 113, 114 and 115 are electro-magnets in the local circuit controlled by armature 102.

l/V hen the armature 102 goes to the right, connecting with line 103, the circuit is completed from the positive pole of battery 116 through line 137, armature 102, line 103, line 105, magnet 111, line 107 armature 109 (if the negative impulse on the main line is a strong one) and the line 118 and line 135 back to the battery. At the same time the neutral relay 108 connects With line 119 bringing in magnet 121 and, if the'main line impulse is prolonged, connecting its armature 123 With line 1-25, thereby .complet` ing a circuit from line 103 through line 105V to magnet 115, line 125, armature 123 to lines 138, 139 and 136 back to the battery 116. If

the main line impulse is of normal duration magnet 115 will not have time to respond to the impulse of its circuit because the armature 102 of the polar relay 100 will move to the left, under the influence of the next main line impulse, before the magnet 121 completes the circuit by connecting its armature with line 125. If, however, the line impulse, Whether strong or normal, is prolonged, sutilcient time is given for the connecting of armature 123 with line 125 and the energizing of magnet 115 so as to aiect its armature.

If when the armature 102 has been thrown to the right by the polar relay 100, there is an interval of no current, the magnet 113 Will be brought into the local circuit by the armature 127 remaining upon its back stop so as to connect with line 129 thereby completing a circuit from battery 116, through line 137, armature 102, line 103 through mag net 113, line 129, arn'iature 127, lines 101,118, 135 and 136 back to the battery 116, thus energizing the magnet 113 so as to attract its armature.

Vhen the armature 102 goes to the left connecting with line 124, the circuit is completed from the battery 116 through line 137, armature 102, line 124, magnet 110, line 107, ari'nature 109, (if the positive impulse on the main line is a strong one) line 101, and

lines 118, 135 and 136 back to the battery. At the same time the neutral relay 108 connects with line 119 bringing in magnet 121, and, if the main line impulse is prolonged, connecting its armature 123 With line 125 thereby completing a circuit from battery 116, through line 137, armature 102, line 124, line 125 to magnet 114, line 125 armature 123 to lines 138, 139 and 136 and back to the battery 116. If the main line impulse is of normal duration magnet 114 will not have time to respond to the impulse of its circuit, because the armature 102 oi the polar relay 100 Will move to the right under the influence of the next main line impulse before the magnet 121 completes the circuit by connecting its armature With the line 125. lf, hoW- ever, the main line impulse, Whether' strong or normal, is prolonged, sullicient time is given Vfor the connecting of armature 123 with line 125 and the energizing of magnet 114 so as to a-ect its armature.

If when the armature 102 has been thrown to the left by the polar relay 100, there is an interval of no current, the magnet 112 Will be brought into the local circuit by the arma` ture 127 remaining upon its back stop so as to connect with line 129 thereby completing a circuit from battery 116 through line V137, armature 102, line 124 through magnet 112, line 129, armature 127, lines 101, 118, 135 and 136 and back to the battery 116, thus energizing the magnet 112 so as to attract its armature.

It will be seen, therefore, that the six different systems of modifications thrown into the main line at the sending end, as already described, severally affect siX different local magnets at the receiving end of the line, each of these local magnets being aliected only by the special character of main line impulses' to which it has been adjusted torespond.

It will also be seen that, so long as the main line impulses are normal, neither of the six local magnets 110 to 115, inclusive, will be affected, as those magnets are arranged to respond only to variations in the series of normal reversals in the main line.

Two pairs ot electromagnets 130, 131 and 132, 133 are adjusted in a local circuit controlled by the armature arm 104, so that when the armature 102 goes to the right under the imiuence of a negative impulse in the main line the arm 104 connects with line The alternate energizing of the magnet-s 130, 131 and 132, 133 Will cause their armatures 142, 143 to be rocked in synchronism With the main line impulses, and if a pair of such magnets is associated With each of the switches of the magnets 110 to 115, inclusive, this rocking of the armature may be utilized to adjust a recording apparat-us as in my aforementioned Letters Patent No. 1,052,513 of February 11, 1913, each pair of the magnets 130, 131 and 132, 133 corresponding with a pair of the magnets 30 and 31 of that patent, and the armatures corresponding with the forked armatures 32 of my aforesaid patent. n

But in practice I prefer to use one pair of driving magnets 130, 131 to take the record of the messages distinguished by modifications of the positive impulses in the main line, and another pair of driving magnets as 132, 133 to take the record of messages distinguished by modifications of the negative impulses in the main line, 4the armature of each pair of magnets being preferably adjusted to feed recording tapes at uniform speeds past mechanisms influenced respectively by the magnets 111, 113 and 115 or the magnets 110, 112, and 114, which magnets may record by punching, or otherwise, the signals which they severally receive from the sending station.

It Will be seen that the armatures 142 and 143 vibrate in synchronism with the arma tures 96 and 97, respectively, so that the movement of the recording mechanisms governed by the armatures 142 and 143 may be uniform With that of the mechanisms actuated by the armatures 90 and 97, respectively. Consequently a recording tape may 'be fed step by step at the same rate as a sending tape, and the special signals appearing upon the sending tape may be reproduced in their appropriate relative positions upon the receiving tape, by punching or otherwise.

Diny suit-able arrangement may be employed for accurately designating the number of steps which the tape makes between the special signals. Thus the sending tape and receiving tape may both be provided With a uniform set of feeding punctures, adapted to be engaged by the sending and receiving mechanism, respectively. And the special signals may be recorded in predetermined relation to the feeding punctures, the object of this or any other method which is used to graphically record the signals transmitted over the line being vto depict the number of normal line impulses which intervene, in each system of signals, between the distinctive signal impulses, which are sentover the main line.

A suitable arrangement for a Way station is shown in Fig. 4, Where the main line 1 passes through the polar relay 200 and then through a loop 201 in which is included the armature 202 of the sending sounder, and on to the main line 1. A switch 204 is provided for cutting the loop 201 into or out of the main line circuit.

lVhen the armature 205 goes to the right it completes ay circuit from battery 20G through line 207, armature 205, line 203, line 209, sendingsounder 210 and line 211 back to the battery. 1t also completes a circuit to line 203 as before, through line 212, drive magnet 214 and line 211 back to the battery as before. It also completes a circuit to line 203 as before through line 215, magnet 210, line 211 and back to the battery as before.

lVhen the armature 205 of the polar relay 209 goes to the left it completes a local eircuit from the battery 206 ythrough line 207, armature 205, line 213, line. 219 including the sounder magnet 220, and line 211 back to the local battery; also a circuit as before continuing from line 213 through line 222 including drive magnet 213 and line 211 back to the battery as before; also a circuit continuing from line 21S through line 223 embracing the magnets 224 and 225, line 226, armature 227, which has been connected by the energizing of magnet 220, line 223 to line 211 and back to the battery.

The normal alternations in the main line are suflioiently rapid to prevent the armature 229 from being connected by the magnets 224 and 225. But if an impulse is prolonged the armature 229 is connected With the branch 230 of line 231, completing a circuit from the battery 206 through line 231, line 230, armature 229 and line 232, Which includes an eXtra coil 233 around the magnet- 210, line 211 and back to the battery.

The line 231 is continued to a switch 234 which connects it With the line 232 and forms, when the switch is closed, another path for the current from the battery through line 231 into line 232 and back to the battery as before, thereby keeping the eXtra coil of the magnet 210 alive as long as the switch 234 is closed. 1f, therefore, the connection between the switch 234 and the line 231 is broken, the armature 202 of magnet 210 Will be held connected with the main line loop 201 only by the connection Which the armature 205 makes with the line 208 when the armature goes to the right. Therefore when the armature 205 goes to the left the magnet 210 Will release its armature 202 opening the main line and causing the armature of the neutral relay 103 at the terminal station to fall back, opening its local circuit and prolonging the time of contact of its polar relay 102 and main line impulses are suspended until armature 229 responds to its magnets; z'. e. magnet 220 connects armature 227 and this connects armature 229 through energization of magnets 224 and 225. Because the falling back of the armature of the neutral relay 108 causes prolonging ofthe polar relay contact; for the breaking of the main line circuit stops the polar relay until the line is again connected through the action of the magnets 224 and 225 as described. This gives the necessary time for the magnets 224 and 225 to operate the armature 229 and connect it with branch 230 completing the circuit including the eXtra coil of magnet 210 which energizes that magnet and again connects the armature 202 so as to complete the main line circuit, again bringing in the neutral relay `108 and connecting its armature 127, allowing the altern-ations to continueias before, the armature 205 going to the right again completing the circuits through magnets 210, 214 and 216 raising the armature 229 so as to break the circuit from branch 230 and leave the eXtra coil 233 of the magnet 210 dependent for energy upon the circuit controlled by the switch 234.

When armature 205 starts tothe left the relay 210 does not break the line to the receiving station unless switch 234 is open. When the armature 229 connects its circuit including the magnet 210, the armature 205 will connect its circuit through magnet 210 before armature 229 opens, breaking its circuit. And it the switch 234 is closedbefore the armature 205 opens its circuit through magnet 210, the circuit through the switch 234 will keep the magnet 210 energized. Consequently the rarmature 205 and arma ture 229 and switch 34 must all be open at the sanie time to denergize the magnet 210 and release its armature '202, opening the main line.

l/Vhen the line opens armatures 102 and 205 stop in the same position and remainthere till 220, 227, 229 connect the line. Meantime the relay 200 cannot move its armature to the left, because .the main line is open. VThe function oi. the apparatus coinprising the relays 224, 225 and 216 is to connect the line again when it has been broken at 202, and also to do the punching The only way inwhich the. breaking of theline at armature 202 will interfere with messages being sent from the sending station is to suspend the sequence ot signals while the break continues.

The prolongation of the movement of the polar relay armature 102 at the receiving station causes the appropriate local magnet, as 113, to record the signal transmitted from the way station. And in this way a system of signals may be transmitted between Va way station and a terminal station with the same eiiect as if they were sent from the.

main station.

I have illustrated the way station as being equipped to transmit one system of signals only, the switch 234 being opened to cause a period of no current, after one of the line alternations, for instance, a negative alter-V In Fig. 3 I have shown a modification in i which the sending'A system is arranged for a way line passing two messages. In contrast with the arrangement shown in Fig. 1, thisV modification incorporates a polar relay, and also a neutral relay, which latter controls the local circuit, and there are but two main line batteries, 2 and 3. rIhe armature 332 of electromagnets 348 and 349 acts as a pole changer, alternately connecting the line 7 from negative battery 3, and the line 6 from positive battery 2, with the main line 1.

The armature 304 of the polar relay 300 goes to the right under the influence of a positive impulse in the main line. As long Y as there is any current in the main line, the neutral relay .301 will connect its armature 302, so as tocomplete a circuit from the local battery 303.

Vhen the armature 332 connects with the line from the positive battery, and the polar relay goes to the right, the latter' completes a circuit from the battery 303, through line 306, armature 302, liney 307 armature 304, line 379, switch 367, lines 381 and 383 magnet 353 and line 305 back to the battery. If, however, the switch 367 is open, the current will pass from line 37 9 through `magnet 357, connecting Vits arm atnre 359 to lines 308 and v305 back to the battery, and the connecting of the armature 359 will ali'ord another path for the current through armature 359, line 383, magnet 353 and line 305 to the battery. This interposing of the armature 359 in the path of the current to the magnet 353 slightly delays the action of the pole Vchanger and prolongs the positive impulse, as already explained in referring to Fig. 1.

The energizing of the magnet 353 draws down its armature 347, connecting it with branch 309 of line 311 and completing a circuit Vfrom the battery, as before, to line 307, through line 312, armature 347, branch 309, line 311, line372, line 315, passing through magnet'393 and lines 316 and 305 and back to the battery; also from line 311 through line 394, magnet 391 and lines 316 and 305 back to theV battery. From branch 309 the current will also run through line 311 to magnet 349 and line 351 and 305 back to the battery. This results in rocking the armatures 396 and 397, and also the armature 332, shifting the main line YConnection to the negative battery 3 and throwing the armature 304 to the left. This establishes circuits,rsimilar to those already described, from battery 303, through line 306, armature 302, line .307 armature 304, line 378, switch 366, line 38,2, magnet 354 and line 305 to the battery. The opening of the switch 366 will shunt the current from line 378 through magnet 355, and lines 350 and 305 to the battery, and through armature 358 and line 382 to magnet 354, line 30:3 and to the battery, thereby slightly prolonging the impulse as already explained for the other side of the cycle. l

The bringing in of magnet 354 connects its armature 346 making a path for the circuit from line 30T, through line 312, armature 3&6, branch 310, lines 318 and 373, magnet .390, line 398 and to the battery; also from line 313, through line 373, magnet 392 to line 39S and the battery; also from line 31S, to magnet 3-18 and line 350 back to the battery. rIlhis rocks the armatures 396 and 39T and shifts the connection of armature 332 to t-he positive battery.

The switches ,366 and 367 are used to control the sending signals, and the armatures 397 and 396 are used to drive the sending mechanism, as already explained when referring to F ig. 1.

Then a station equipped as just described is used for receiving, the armature 302 of the neutral relay 301 is opened by the sending station so as to create a neutral interval, and apparatus appropriate for registering the signal thus given is incorporated with the station. Suc-h mechanism is illustrated and described in connection with the way station. 'Ihe sending' station may also use the open method, instead of the prolonged method, if desired.

The system of apparatus whereby the alternations are sent into the main line, at the main sending station illustrated in Fig. l, embraces three double electromagnets, the current from the local battery being' caused to energize these magnets successively in such a way as to turn the switch connecting the main line with the main batteries back and forth so as to alternately connect a positive and a negative battery with the main line, the alternations thus introduced into the line being modified by being strengthened, lengthened, or separated by neutral intervals so as to produce modified tems of signals already pointed out.

By duplexing, the number of systems of signals may be increased to twelve.

The sending system is modified for a way station, as already pointed out; and it may also be modified for a main station as illustrated in F 1l.

And it should be understood that various other modiiications of the general method described may beA adopted, such as closing a local circuit instead of opening it; length-- ening the timing arrangements by putting additional Sounders in the circuits, and by making other changes or substitutions which the person skilled in the art will readily understand.

I have described the use of my system from the point of view of the transmission of a separate system of signals by each system of modification which is introduced through the sending system. This requires in each system the employment of a number of feed steps, in combination with two signal steps to represent each signal character or letter transmitted. For instance, the letter A may be represented by four feed impulses with a. signal impulse after the second and fourth' feed impulses and the letter B may be represented by eight feed impulses with a signal impulse after the fourth and eighth feed impulses. But it is obvious that modifications of the diifcrent characters may be used to form a single system of signals if desired, and this will be readily understood by one skilled in the art. And I wish it to be understood that my present invention includes both the separate transmission of the different systems of modifications and also their combination into` one or more composite systems as above suggested.

In F ig. 6 I have represented diagrammatically the elements of a mechanism which may be employed for recording the signals at a receiving station, the armature 143 of magnets 132 and 133 being shown as operating through a link 010, arm 011 pawl O13 pivoted to the arm at 012 to turn a ratchet wheel 014 on a shaft 015 also carrying'- toothed wheel 016, feeding a record tape 017 having holes registering with the teeth of the wheel O16. This tape is passed under a punch O18 on the armature O19 of magnet 111, which will punch the tape when the magnet lll is energized. And these elements of mechanism are shown to illustrate a type of recording mechanism, and not for the purpose of limiting the application of my improvements; for it is obvious that the substitution of" equivalents and details of mechanical skill would be within the spirit and scope of my invention.

Having thus described my invention, what I claim and desire to secure by Letters .Patent of the United States is:`

1. The combination, in an electric circuit, of means for producing a continuous series of impulses of opposed polarity therein and means for prolonging selected negative impulses and thereby transmitting a system of signals, and means for prolonging selected positive impulses and thereby transmitting another system of signals, both systems of signals employing all of the impulses in their transmission.

2. The combination, in an electric circuit, of means for producing a continuous series of impulses of opposed polarity therein, means for prolonging one of the impulses and thereby transmitting a system of signals, and means for introducing modifications in the strength of and in the intervals between selected impulses and thereby transmitting other systems of signals, all of such systems of signals employing all of the electric impulses in their transmission.

3. The combination, with a main electric circuit, of sources for generating two oppositely directed electrical currents, connecting means, an electric sending system embracing a single local source of electrical energy, a plurality of interrelated electromagnets and a plurality of lrelays associated therewith, automatically forming a succession of local circuits continuously actuating the connecting means to alternately connect the sources of the oppositely directed electrical currents with the main circuit and to cause a continuous stream of electrical impulses of opposed polarities to be produced in the main circuit.

4. The combination, with a main electric circuit, of sources for generating two oppositely directed electrical currents, connecting means, an electric sending system embracing a single local source of electrical energ a plurality of pairs of interrelated electromagnets and a plurality of relays associated therewith, automatically forming a succession 0f local circuits and persistently actuating the connecting means to alternately connect the sources of the oppositely directed electrical currents with the main circuit.

5. The combination, with a main electric circuit, of sources for generating two oppositely directed electrical currents, connecting means, an electric sending system embracing a single local source of electrical energy, a plurality of pairs of interrelated electromagnets, a relay magnet associated with each magnet of each of said pairs, automatically forming a succession of local circuits and persistently actuating the connecting means to alternately connect the sources of the oppositely directed electrical currents with the main circuit.

6. The combination, with a main electric circuit, of sources for generating two oppositely directed electrical currents, connecting means, an electrical sending system embracing a single local source of electrical energy and local electromagnets, and means for causing the magnets through said local circuits to successively energize and denergize each other, to shift, without automatic interruption, the connecting means alternately from one to the other of the sources for generating the two oppositely directed electrical currents and to cause a continuous stream of electrical impulses of o'pposed polarities to be produced in the main electric circuit.

7. The combination, with a main electric circuit, of sources for generatingtwo oppositely 'directed electrical currents, connecting means, an electric sending system embracing a local source of electrical energy, a plurality of interrelated electromagnets and a plurality of relays associated therewith, automatically forming a succession of local circuits and actuating the connecting means to alternately connect the sources of the oppositely directed electrical currents with the main circuit, and means for modifying the action of a relay so as to affect its local circuit and thereby modify the movement of the connecting means, whereby the charac- Vter of certain impulses sent into the main line may be modified to produce a system of signals.

8. The combination, with a main electric circuit, of sources for generating two oppositely directed electrical currents, connecting means, an electric sending system einbracing a local source of electrical energy, a plurality of interrelated electromagnets and a plurality of relays associated therewith, automatically forming a succession of local circuits and actuating the connecting means to alternately connect the sources of the oppositely directed electrical currents with the main circuit, and means for modifying the action of certain relays so as to ai'ect their respective local circuits and thereby modify the movement of the connecting means, whereby the character of certain impulses sent into the main line may be modified to produce systems of signals.

' 9. The combination, with a main electric circuit, of sources for generating two oppositely directed electrical currents each of two degrees of strength, connecting means, an electric sending system embracing a local source of electrical energy, a plurality of pairs of interrelated electromagnets and a relay magnet associated with each magnet of each of said pairs, automatically forming a succession of local circuits and actuating the connecting means to alternately connect the sources of the oppositely directed electrical currents with the main circuit, and means for modifying the action of each of said relays so as to affect their respective local circuits and thereby modify the influence of the sending system so as to produce a plurality of modifications in the strength of the main -circuit impulses emanating from the sources for generating the oppositely directed electrical currents and thereby producing' a plurality of systems of signals.

10. The combination, with a main electric circuit, of a normal negative battery, a strong negative battery, a normal positive battery and a strong positive battery, connecting switches, Van electric sending system embracing a local battery, a plurality of pairs of interrelated electromagnets, local circuits embracing said magnets, and relays having a potential relation to said local circuits and adapted to modify the action of each magnet of each pair so as to affect its local circuit,

whereby a continuous series of electrical reversals may be automatically sent into the main line, and selected impulses modified by each of said relays to produce a plurality of concurrent systems of signals.

ll. The combination, With a main electric circuit, of a normal negative battery, a strong negative battery, a normal positive battery and a strong positive battery, connecting switches, an electric sending system embracing a local battery, three pairs of interrelated electromagnets, local circuits embracing said magnets and sinrelays having a potential relation to said local circuits and each adapted to modify the action of one magnet of each pair so as to affect its local circuit, whereby a continuous series of electrical reversals may be automatically sent into the main line, and selected impulses modified by each of said relays to produce six concurrent systems of signals.

l2. The combination, With a main electric circuit, of sources for generating two oppositely directed` electrical currents, connecting means, an electric sending system embracing a local source of electrical energy, a plurality of interrelated electromagnets and a plurality of relays associated therewith, automatically forming a succession of local circuits and actuating the connecting means to alternately connect the sources of the oppositely directed electrical currents With the main circuit, and means for modifying the action of certain relays so as to affect their respective local circuits and thereby modify the movement of the connecting means, whereby the character of certain impulses sent into the main line from the sources generating the oppositely directed currents, may be modified to produce systems of signals and means in Tfed progressively by the sending system for automatically actuating the modifying means.

13. The combination, With a main electric circuit, of a plurality'of sources of currents of different strengths and opposed polarities, connecting means, and a local electric sending system, having a single source of electrical energy and embracing interrelated electromagnets actuating the connecting means to persistently, alternately connect the main electric circuit With sources of power of opposed polarity, automatic means, also actuated by said interrelated electromagnets, for modifying the influence of the sending' system upon the connecting means so as to connect the main electric circuit successively With different ones of the sources of electrical current, thereby transmitting a plurality of systems of signals into the main electric circuit.

14. The combination, With a main electric circuit, of a. plurality of sources of currents of, different strengths and opposed polarities, connecting means, and a local electric sending system, having a single source of electrical energy and embracing interrelated electromagnets actuating the connecting means to persistently, alternately connect the main electric circuit with sources of power of opposed polarity, automatic means, also actuated by said interrelated electromagnets, for modifying the influence of the sending system upon the connecting means so .as to connect the main electric circuit successively with' different ones of the sources of electrical current, thereby transmitting a plurality of systems of signals into the main electric circuit, and means for automatically receiving and recording each of said systems of signals.

l5. The combination, with a main electric circuit, of a plurality of sources of currents of different strengths and opposed polarities, connecting means, and a local electric sending system, hayinga single source of electrical energy and embracing inter elated electromagnets actuating the connecting means to persistently, alternately connect the main electric circuit with sources of power of opposed polarity, automatic means, also actuated by said interrelated electromagnets, for modifying the influence of the sending system upon the connecting means so as to connect the main electric circuit successively with different ones of the sources of electrical current, thereby transmitting a plurality of systems of signals into the main electric circuit, and means embracing a polar relay in the main circuit governing a local circuit for receiving and recording said systems of signals separately.

1G. The combination, with a main electric circuit, of means for producing currents of a predetermined normal strength and of an increased strength of each polarity, means for connecting such sources of power one at a time'with the main circuit, an automatic pole changer, embracing a local battery and a group of local magnets for causing the connecting means to connect the normal currents alternately With the main line to produce a series of electrical reyersals therein, and an auxiliary local magnet adapted to cause the connecting means to connect the main line with a source of increased strength of current thereby producing a system of signals in the main circuit.

17. The combination, with a main electric circuit, of sources of electrical energy of opposed polarities, connecting means, a common local batteryl and a group of local magnets controlling the connecting means so as to persistently send a continuous series of electrical impulses of opposed polarities into the main circuit, and a plurality of auxiliary lo'cal magnets adapted to modify the strength of certain impulses of each polarity thereby producing a plurality of systems of signals in the main circuit.

18. The combination, With a main electric circuit, of means for producing currents of a predetermined normal strength and of an increased strength of each polarity, connecting means, an automatic pole changer embracing a local battery and a group of local magnets, for directing the normal currents alternately into the main line to produce a series of electrical impulses of op-posed polarities therein, means for directing electrical impulses of increased strength into the main line to modify the said series of impulses and an auxiliary local magnet adapted to modify the length of `certain of the reversals thereby producing a system of signals in the main circuit.

19. The combination, with Va main electric circuit, of sources of electrical energy of opposed polarities, connecting means, a local battery and a system of local circuits including local magnets and local switches actuated thereby and Vcontrolling the connecting means so as to send a continuous series of electrical impulses of opposed polarities into the' main circuit, and a plurality of auxiliary local magnets adapted to modify the local circuit and by retarding the movement of local switches to increase the length of certain electrical impulses thereby producing' a plurality of systems of signals in the main circuit.

20. The combination, with armain electric circuit, of means for producing currents of a predetermined normal strength and of'an increased strength of each polarity, connecting means, an automatic pole changing system, embracing local circuits, a single common local battery and a group of local magnets, for connecting the nor-mal currents alternately with the main line to produce a series of electrical impulses of opposed polarities therein, and an auxiliary local magnet in a circuit energized by the common local battery and adapted to defer certain of the electrical impulses thereby producing a system of signals in the main circuit.

21. The combination, With aA main electric circuit, of sources of electrical energy of opposed polarities, connecting' means, local circuits, a single common local battery and a groupV of local magnets controlling the connecting' means so as to send a continuous series of electrical impulses of opposed polarities into the main circuit, and a plu- 1ality of auxiliary local magnets in circuits energized by the common local battery and adapted to defer certain electrical impulses in the main electric circuit, thereby producing a plurality of systems of signals in the main circuit.

22. The combination, with a main electric circuit, of sources of electrical energy of opposed polarities, connecting means, a local battery and a group of local magnets controlling the connecting means so as to send a continuous series of electrical impulses of opposed polarities into the main circuit, and a plurality of Vauxiliary lopal magnets severally adapted to modify the strength, length and time between certain of said electrical impulses, thereby producing a plurality of systems ofsignals in the main circuit.

23. rlhe combination, with a` main electric circuit, of sources of electrical energy of opposed polarities, connecting means, a local battery and a group of local magnets controlling the connecting means so as to send a continuous series Vof electrical impulses of opposed polarities into the main circuit, and a plurality of auxiliary local magnets adapted to modify the strength, the length and the time between selected electrical impulses, each character of modification being made in tivo Ways, thereby producing` six different concurrent systems of signals in the main circuit.

9A. The combination, with an electric circuit, of means for producing a. continuous series of current alternations therein, means for increasing the strength of selected alternations, means for increasing the length of selected alternations of either strength, means for suspending the alternations for short intervals, all Without changing the sequence of the alternations, whereby a plurality of systems of signals are transmitted concurrently into the circuit.

25. The combination, with an electric circuit, of means for producing a continuous series of current alternations therein, means for increasing the strength of selected alternations of each polarity, means for increasing the length of selected alternations of each strength and of each polarity, and means for suspending any of the alternations for short periods, all without changing the sequence of the alternations, whereby a plurality of systems of signals are transmitted concurrently into the circuit.

26. The combination, with a main electric circuit, at a main station, of means for producing a continuous series of current alternations, connecting means, an electrical sending system controlling the connecting means and embracing a local battery and a plurality of local pole changing magnets and local modifying magnets, a receiving station, and a Way station embracing a local circuit and an associated neutral relay adapted to modify the operation of the main station system so as to transmit' a system of signals from the Way station to the receiving station.

27. The combination, with a main electric circuit, of means for producing a continuous series of electrical impulses ofV opposed polarities therein, means for severally strengthening, lengthening and deferring se- Vlarities therein, means lected impulses of each polarity in tliemain circuit Without changing their sequence, thereby producing six different systems of signals, and means at another station for automatically receiving and recording such six different systems of signals.

28. The combination, with a main electric circuit, of means for producing a. continuous series of electrical impulses of opposedlpolarities therein, means for severally 'strengthening, lengthening and deerring selected impulses of each polarity7 in the main circuit Without changing their sequence, thereby producing six different systems of signals, and means at another station, including a pole changer and neutral relays inthe main circuit and a system of electromagnets in local circuit, for automatically receiving and recording such six different systems of signals.

29. The combination, with anelectric circuit, of means for causing a continuous series of electrical impulses of opposed pofor producing systems of modications of selected impulses of `laritie's ytherein, f a 'plurality each polarity in=stren'gth, Vlength and time of occurrence, :and v-xlneans ffor 1 associating I the v-modifictitious? o'-af plurality (5f-such systems -into faf-'singlefasignalfsystem.

f` The combination, vwith 1an electric `cir- I- cuit, of'fme'ans `for causing a icontinuous 4series,5 ofi electrical-impulses of opposed polai'ities ftlierein, means for producing'systemsv of changes oflengtlnfstrength and time of occurrence-11n selectedllmpulses Without :mo difying their-s equence, and thereby trans- 'mi'ttmgi'a =si1igle f'system of signals embraci'ngf all the modifications.

3l'. The combination, With'an electric circuit, 'of Emeans *for 'causing f aA continuous kbetween sele'etedf impulses -Without altering the-'sequencer oflthe reversals thereby const-ituting signal A"systems, f means Vfor receiving the several systems of signals, and common means -fonrecording the same.

A VEDWIN POPE.

Copies of this patent may be obtained for ve cents each,`b'y'addressng the o'mmissioner of Patents, Washingtom DLC. 

